T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin buyruk komuta zinciri i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen son askeri darbesi\u00a012 Eyl\u00fcl, idam, mak\u00fbs muamele ve insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleriyle zihinlerdeki yerini koruyor.<\/p>\n

41. y\u0131l\u0131nda 12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi’nin nas\u0131l planland\u0131\u011f\u0131, nerede ve nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekrar merak ediliyor.<\/p>\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi nedir, bug\u00fcn neler oldu? sorusu vatanda\u015flar\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde… \u0130\u015fte 12 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131ndan itibaren o g\u00fcn ya\u015fananlar…<\/p>\n

12 EYL\u00dcL DARBES\u0130 1980 DARBES\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

TRT Radyosunda 12 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n akabinde \u00e7al\u0131nan Harbiye Mar\u015f\u0131 ve periyodun Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0Orgeneral Kenan Evren\u00a0imzal\u0131\u00a0Milli G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u00a0“bir numaral\u0131”<\/strong> bildirisinin okunmas\u0131yla, demokrasiye vurulan darbe resmen ilan edilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

KOD \u0130SM\u0130: BAYRAK HAREKATI<\/b><\/p>\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na giden s\u00fcrecin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 Haziran 1980’den itibaren Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karargah\u0131’nda yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Kod ismi “Bayrak Harekat\u0131”<\/strong> olarak belirlenen darbe plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ordu kumandanlar\u0131na 11 Temmuz saat 04.00’te harekete ge\u00e7ilmesi buyru\u011fu verildi.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcleyman Demirel’in ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2 Temmuz’da g\u00fcvenoyu almas\u0131yla darbeciler bu plan\u0131 erteledi.<\/p>\n

Tarihler 12 Eyl\u00fcl’\u00fc g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde plan, t\u0131pk\u0131 isimle sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 uyguland\u0131 ve darbeciler \u00fclke idaresine el koydu.<\/p>\n

Emir-komuta zinciri i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu darbe, 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi ve 12 Mart 1971 muht\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n akabinde Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin idareye \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc defa a\u00e7\u0131k m\u00fcdahalesi olarak tarihteki yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MECL\u0130S LA\u011eVED\u0130LD\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Darbeciler\u00a0Genelkurmay Lideri Orgeneral Kenan Cihan, Kara Kuvvetleri Kumandan\u0131 Orgeneral Nurettin Ersin, Hava Kuvvetleri Kumandan\u0131 Orgeneral Tahsin \u015eahinkaya, Deniz Kuvvetleri Kumandan\u0131 Oramiral Nejat T\u00fcmer ve Jandarma Genel Kumandan\u0131 Orgeneral Sedat Celasun’dan olu\u015fan Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu, b\u00fct\u00fcn yetkileri ele ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anayasay\u0131 uygulamadan kald\u0131ran darbeciler, akabinde TBMM’yi la\u011fvederek antidemokratik faaliyetlerine devam etti.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke genelinde s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildikten sonra sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7 alan darbeciler, T\u00fcrk Hava Kurumu, \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumu ve K\u0131z\u0131lay d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki derneklerin faaliyetlerini durdurdu.<\/p>\n

Siyasi partilerin kap\u0131s\u0131na kilit vuran darbeciler, S\u00fcleyman Demirel ile B\u00fclent Ecevit’i Hamzakoy’a, Necmettin Erbakan ile Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f’i ise Uzunada’ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndererek siyasi yasaklar getirdi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

“ASMAYALIM DA BESLEYEL\u0130M M\u0130”<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dclkeye karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnler ya\u015fatan darbeciler, ac\u0131s\u0131 y\u0131llarca haf\u0131zalardan silinmeyecek idam kararlar\u0131n\u0131n da mimar\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Darbeden sonra birinci idamlar, 9 Ekim 1980’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Sol g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc Necdet Adal\u0131, akabinde \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc Mustafa Pehlivano\u011flu idam edildi.<\/p>\n

Darbe \u00f6ncesinde bir askeri inzibat erini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7esiyle karar giyen 17 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Erdal Eren, 19 Mart 1980’de idama mahkum edildi.<\/p>\n

Darbeci Kenan Cihan’\u0131n 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda ast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Erdal Eren i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi “Asmayal\u0131m da besleyelim mi?” <\/strong><\/em>kelam\u0131 ise haf\u0131zalardaki yerini koruyor.<\/p>\n

Eren’in idam karar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan iki kere iptal edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Konseyince onaylanan kararla ve ya\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclerek 13 Aral\u0131k 1980’de Ankara Ulucanlar Cezaevi’nde infaz edildi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MAHPUS VE VEFAT CEZALARI<\/b><\/p>\n

Kanl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra demokrasinin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te 650 bin ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131lan 210 bin davada 230 bin ki\u015fi yarg\u0131land\u0131, 7 binden fazla ki\u015fi i\u00e7in de idam cezas\u0131 istendi. 517 ki\u015finin “\u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na”<\/strong> \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te, 50 ki\u015fi idam edildi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 14 bin ki\u015finin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu periyotta, yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin ki\u015fi “\u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi olma”<\/strong> c\u00fcrm\u00fcnden yarg\u0131land\u0131, 30 bin ki\u015fi ise “sak\u0131ncal\u0131”<\/strong> oldu\u011fu teziyle i\u015flerinden edildi.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat hayat\u0131n\u0131n da gaye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu periyotta, yakla\u015f\u0131k bin sinema tekrar sak\u0131ncal\u0131 bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in yasakland\u0131, 4 bine yak\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmen ve y\u00fczlerce \u00fcniversite g\u00f6revlisinin i\u015fine son verildi. Onlarca gazeteci hakk\u0131nda binlerce y\u0131la varan mahpus cezalar\u0131 istendi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

82 ANAYASASI<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k onurunu hi\u00e7e sayan uygulamalar\u0131n mimarlar\u0131 kelamda Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu \u00fcyesi darbeci generallerin belirledi\u011fi M\u00fcracaat Meclisinin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasa, 1982’de “g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc” <\/strong>referandumla y\u00fczde 92’lik “evet”<\/strong> oyu ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Darbenin ba\u015f akt\u00f6r\u00fc Cihan ve \u00f6b\u00fcr darbecilerin \u00f6m\u00fcr uzunlu\u011fu yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen “ge\u00e7ici 15’inci madde” <\/strong>de darbe anayasas\u0131na dahil edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

DARBEC\u0130LER HAKKINDA DAVA<\/b><\/p>\n

“Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu \u00fcyelerinin yarg\u0131lanamayaca\u011f\u0131”<\/strong><\/em>na dair anayasan\u0131n s\u00fcreksiz 15’inci unsuru, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 2010’daki referandumun akabinde kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Akabinde T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131ndan, darbenin sorumlular\u0131 ile bu \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n buyruk ve talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayanlar hakk\u0131nda hata duyurular\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

O devir hayatta olan Cihan ile eski Hava Kuvvetleri Kumandan\u0131 Tahsin \u015eahinkaya hakk\u0131nda Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

YARGI S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Cihan ve \u015eahinkaya hakk\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan iddianamenin Ankara 12’nci A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesince 10 Ocak 2012’de kabul edilmesiyle, T\u00fcrkiye tarihinde birinci kere bir darbenin sorumlular\u0131 yarg\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki darbeci, ”T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 yahut bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yahut ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ve anayasa ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisini ortadan kald\u0131rmaya yahut vazifesini yapmas\u0131na mani olmaya cebren te\u015febb\u00fcs etmek”<\/strong><\/em> ile su\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

Devam eden davada, Ankara 12’nci A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi kanunla kapat\u0131l\u0131nca belge Ankara 10’uncu A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesine devredildi.<\/p>\n

A\u011eIRLA\u015eTIRILMI\u015e M\u00dcEBBET VER\u0130LD\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Mahkeme, 18 Haziran 2014’te Cihan ve \u015eahinkaya’y\u0131, 1979’da verdikleri muht\u0131rayla “anayasa ve TBMM’yi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ve misyonunu yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye te\u015febb\u00fcs”<\/strong><\/em>, 1980’de de cebren “anayasay\u0131 ta\u011fyir, tebdil yahut ilgaya ve bu kanun ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden TBMM’yi \u0131skat ve cebren men”<\/strong><\/em> hatas\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet mahpus cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mahkeme, takdiri indirimle cezay\u0131 m\u00fcebbet mahpusa \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n

R\u00dcTBELER\u0130 S\u00d6K\u00dcLD\u00dc<\/b><\/p>\n

Cihan ve \u015eahinkaya hakk\u0131nda, Askeri Ceza Kanunu’nun “askeri r\u00fctbelerin s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi”<\/strong><\/em>ne ait 30’uncu hususunun de uygulanmas\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n

Karar\u0131n akabinde san\u0131k avukatlar\u0131, karar\u0131 temyiz etti. Evrak Yarg\u0131taydayken Cihan, 10 May\u0131s 2015’te 98 ya\u015f\u0131nda, \u015eahinkaya ise 9 Temmuz 2015’te 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 16’nc\u0131 Ceza Dairesi, temyiz incelemesinde, san\u0131klar\u0131n vefatlar\u0131 nedeniyle davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verdi.<\/p>\n

YARGITAYIN \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 BOZMA KARARI<\/b><\/p>\n

Belgeyi tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen lokal mahkeme, karara uyarak d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verdi ve evrak tekrar Yarg\u0131tay 16’nc\u0131 Ceza Dairesine geldi. Daire, mahall\u00ee mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131 bu defa de adap taraf\u0131ndan bozdu.<\/p>\n

Bozma karar\u0131nda, mahall\u00ee mahkemenin m\u00fcnasebetinde lehe olan kanunun 765 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu (TCK) kararlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmesine ra\u011fmen, karar f\u0131kras\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK ve Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu kararlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca karar verilmesi suretiyle m\u00fcnasebet ile karar ortas\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olunmas\u0131n\u0131n kanuna kar\u015f\u0131t oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Ceza dairesinin bozma karar\u0131na uyan mahkeme, Cihan ve \u015eahinkaya hakk\u0131ndaki kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n vefat nedeniyle “ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na”<\/strong><\/em> karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 16’nc\u0131 Ceza Dairesinin san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda verilen karar\u0131 adap istikametinden bozmas\u0131n\u0131n akabinde 12 May\u0131s 2019’da tekrar yarg\u0131lama yapan Ankara 10’uncu A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi, bu kere Cihan ile \u015eahinkaya hakk\u0131nda “kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na” karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131yeten Cihan ve \u015eahinkaya’n\u0131n mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131 ve san\u0131klar\u0131n TSK’den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile r\u00fctbelerinin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedildi.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Ensonhaber<\/span><\/p>\n